Indian Parliament

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เคธเค‚เคธเคฆ เค•เฅ‡เค‚เคฆเฅเคฐ เค•เคพ เค•เคฟเคธ เคชเฅเคฐเค•เคพเคฐ เค•เคพ เค…เค‚เค— เคนเฅˆ?
What type of organ is the Parliament at the center?

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Which part of the Constitution discusses the formation, structure, and duration of the Parliament?

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According to the Constitution, the organs of the Parliament are:
เคธเค‚เคตเคฟเคงเคพเคจ เค•เฅ‡ เค…เคจเฅเคธเคพเคฐ เคธเค‚เคธเคฆ เค•เฅ‡ เค…เค‚เค— เคนเฅˆเค‚-

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In which of the following years were the terms 'Rajya Sabha' and 'Lok Sabha' adopted in place of 'Council of States' and 'House of the People'?

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The Upper House of the Parliament is:

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The Lower House of the Parliament is:

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Consider the following statements:
1. Rajya Sabha consists of representatives of States and Union Territories.
2. Lok Sabha represents the people of India as a whole.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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What is the logical reason for the President being an integral part of the Parliament?

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The maximum strength of Rajya Sabha members fixed by the Constitution is:

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The maximum number of members from the Union and States in the Rajya Sabha fixed by the Constitution is:

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The number of members nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha is:

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At present, the number of members in the Rajya Sabha is:

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At present, how many members represent the States in the Rajya Sabha?

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At present, how many members represent the Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha?

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Which Schedule of the Constitution describes the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha for States and Union Territories?

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Who elects the representatives of the states in the Rajya Sabha?

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How are Rajya Sabha members elected?

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Which of the following Union Territories have representation in the Rajya Sabha?

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What kind of qualifications must a person possess for the President to nominate them to the Rajya Sabha?

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What is the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha fixed by the Constitution?

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What is the maximum number of members elected from the states to the Lok Sabha?

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What is the maximum number of members elected from the Union Territories to the Lok Sabha fixed by the Constitution?

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What is the current number of elected members in the Lok Sabha?

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At present, what is the number of members elected from the states to the Lok Sabha?

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At present, what is the number of members elected from the Union Territories to the Lok Sabha?

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Consider the following statements:
1. Seats in the Lok Sabha shall be allocated to each state in such a manner that the ratio between the number of seats and its population is the same for all states.
2. The above provision does not apply to states having a population of less than 60 lakhs.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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Which Article of the Constitution discusses the constitution/formation of Parliament?

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Which Article of the Constitution discusses the composition of the Rajya Sabha?

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What type of system exists in India for electing members of the Lok Sabha?

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In which Article of the Constitution is the duration of both houses of Parliament mentioned?

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Consider the following statements:
1. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body.
2. One-third of Rajya Sabha members retire every second year.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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Consider the following statements:
1. The Constitution fixed the term of office for Rajya Sabha members as 6 years.
2. The Parliament fixed the term of office for Rajya Sabha members based on the Representation of the People Act, 1951.

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Consider the following statements:
1. The term of the Lok Sabha is 5 years.
2. The President can dissolve the Lok Sabha at any time before the completion of 5 years.

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What is the minimum age limit to be elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha?

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The minimum age limit to be elected as a member of the Lok Sabha is:

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On which of the following grounds can a person be declared disqualified to be a member of Parliament?

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According to the Representation of the People Act 1951, a person sentenced to more than how many years of imprisonment will be disqualified from being a member of Parliament?

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The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution is related to:

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A member of Parliament cannot remain absent from the house without permission for more than how much time?

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If a person is elected to both houses of Parliament, within how many days must they specify which house they wish to serve in?

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In which Article of the Constitution is the provision for qualifications for membership of Parliament found?

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The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is:

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Who fixes the date for the election of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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Consider the following statements:
1. Upon being elected Speaker of Lok Sabha, it is mandatory to resign from their membership of Parliament.
2. When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the Speaker vacates their office.

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From where does the Speaker of the Lok Sabha derive their powers?

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To whom does the Speaker of the Lok Sabha submit their resignation?

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The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can be removed from their post by:

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Who fixes the dates for the election of the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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At least how many members' support is required to consider or discuss the process of removing the Lok Sabha Speaker?

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The offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker in the Lok Sabha originated in:

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Who was the first Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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Under the rules of Lok Sabha, how many members does the Speaker nominate to the Panel of Chairpersons?

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Who appoints the Speaker Pro-tem?

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The presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha is called:

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The ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is:

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To whom does the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha submit their resignation?

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To whom does the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha submit their resignation?

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Under the rules of Lok Sabha, the 'Leader of the House' means:

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What level of facilities/status is provided to the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?

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How many members are required for a party to be recognized as the official opposition party in the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha?

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When was the Leader of the Opposition recognized for the first time in India's parliamentary history?

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What is the maximum interval allowed between two sessions of Parliament?

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At minimum, how many times must Parliament meet in a year?

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Generally, how many sessions of Parliament are held?

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What is the period between the prorogation of one session and the start of the next session called?

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Who has the power to summon the sessions of Parliament?

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Which of the following terms refers to ending the very life of the House?

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Who adjourns the sitting of a House of Parliament?

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Consider the following statements:

1. Adjournment terminates a sitting only, while prorogation terminates a session of the House.
2. Adjournment is done by the presiding officer of the House, while prorogation is done by the President.

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Which of the following types of bills do not lapse upon the dissolution of the Lok Sabha?

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The minimum number of members required for a quorum in Parliament is:

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The number of members required for a quorum in the Lok Sabha is:

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The minimum number of members required for a quorum in the Rajya Sabha is:

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Which language has the Constitution declared for the conduct of business in Parliament?

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The first hour of a parliamentary sitting is called:

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For which of the following types of s is the answer given orally by the ministers?

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Which of the following types of s are asked with a notice of at least 10 days? (Contextually: less than 10 days notice)

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For which of the following types of s is the answer given in writing by the ministers?

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In which color is the list of starred s printed?

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In which color is the list of unstarred s printed?

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In which color is the list of short notice s printed?

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When did Zero Hour start in parliamentary tradition?

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When a part of a bill or resolution cannot be discussed, this type of motion is moved to allow discussion before voting. What is this motion called?

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In which motion are only the important clauses debated?

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Which of the following motions related to a minister concerns parliamentary privileges?

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Through this motion, a member of the House, with the prior permission of the presiding officer, draws the attention of a minister to...

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This is a motion to adjourn the proceedings of the House to discuss a matter of urgent public importance; it requires the support of 50 members?

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Through this motion, only those s can be raised which are definite, factual, extremely urgent, and of public importance. More than one issue cannot be included in this motion. The motion related to these features is-

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Consider the following statements:
1. A No-Confidence Motion is brought by the Government.
2. A Confidence Motion is brought by the Opposition.

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Consider the following statements:
1. It is mandatory to state reasons for admitting a Censure Motion in the Lok Sabha.
2. It is not mandatory to state reasons for admitting a No-Confidence Motion in the Lok Sabha.
3. If a Censure Motion is passed, the Council of Ministers must resign, whereas it is not necessary for a No-Confidence Motion.

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What is another famous name for Short Duration Discussion?

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When is a sitting held for motions brought by Private (Non-Government) Members?

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What is the minimum number of members' support required to introduce a No-Confidence Motion in the Lok Sabha?

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Consider the following statements:
1. A Public (Government) Bill is introduced by a Minister, while a Private Bill is introduced by any member other than a Minister.
2. If a Government Bill is rejected, the government must resign, while the rejection of a Private Bill has no impact on the government.

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In which Article of the Constitution is the Money Bill mentioned?

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Which of the following authorities decides whether a bill is a Money Bill or not?

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Within how many days must the Rajya Sabha return a Money Bill with its recommendations, otherwise it is deemed to have been passed by the Rajya Sabha?

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Whose prior recommendation is required to introduce a Money Bill in the Lok Sabha?

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In which Article of the Constitution is the Financial Bill mentioned?

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For a maximum of how many months can the Rajya Sabha delay an Ordinary Bill?

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This is a motion to adjourn the proceedings of the House to discuss a matter of urgent public importance; it requires the support of 50 members?

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Through this motion, only those s can be raised which are definite, factual, extremely urgent, and of public importance. More than one issue cannot be included in this motion. The motion related to these features is-

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Consider the following statements:
1. A No-Confidence Motion is brought by the Government.
2. A Confidence Motion is brought by the Opposition.

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Consider the following statements:
1. It is mandatory to state reasons for admitting a Censure Motion in the Lok Sabha.
2. It is not mandatory to state reasons for admitting a No-Confidence Motion in the Lok Sabha.
3. If a Censure Motion is passed, the Council of Ministers must resign, whereas it is not necessary for a No-Confidence Motion.

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What is another famous name for Short Duration Discussion?

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When is a sitting held for motions brought by Private (Non-Government) Members?

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What is the minimum number of members' support required to introduce a No-Confidence Motion in the Lok Sabha?

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Consider the following statements:
1. A Public (Government) Bill is introduced by a Minister, while a Private Bill is introduced by any member other than a Minister.
2. If a Government Bill is rejected, the government must resign, while the rejection of a Private Bill has no impact on the government.

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In which Article of the Constitution is the Money Bill mentioned?

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Which of the following authorities decides whether a bill is a Money Bill or not?

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Whose prior recommendation is required to introduce a Money Bill in the Lok Sabha?

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Within how many days must the Rajya Sabha return a Money Bill with its recommendations, otherwise it is deemed to have been passed by the Rajya Sabha?

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In which Article of the Constitution is the Financial Bill mentioned?

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For a maximum of how many months can the Rajya Sabha delay an Ordinary Bill?

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Which grant is presented in the House when there is an urgent and immediate need for excessive funds for a service or item unexpectedly?

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This grant is sanctioned for a special purpose and is not related to the current financial year or service. Which grant is this statement about?

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A proposal for this grant is presented in the Lok Sabha when funds are required for an additional service beyond those already proposed. To which grant does this statement relate?

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Article 266 is related to:

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Article 267 of the Indian Constitution is related to:

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When was the Contingency Fund of India established?

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Article 105 of the Constitution is related to:

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The sovereignty of Parliament is related to which of the following countries?

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Which of the following factors limits the sovereignty of the Indian Parliament?

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Which state in India has the highest number of seats in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?

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The term of which of the following Lok Sabha was extended twice by 1 year each?

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Match the following:
(A) Policy Cut Motion: (1) Reduction by โ‚น100
(B) Economy Cut Motion: (2) Reduction of demand to โ‚น1
(C) Token Cut Motion: (3) Reduction by a specific amount
Options in English (Codes):

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Match the state with its Lok Sabha seats:
(A) Andhra Pradesh: (1) 29
(B) Gujarat: (2) 25
(C) Bihar: (3) 26
(D) Madhya Pradesh: (4) 40

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Match the following:
(State - Lok Sabha Seats)
(A) Karnataka - (1) 25
(B) Rajasthan - (2) 20
(C) Kerala - (3) 48
(D) Maharashtra - (4) 29

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Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(State - Lok Sabha Seats)
(a) Haryana - 10
(b) Chhattisgarh - 10
(c) Jharkhand - 14
(d) Assam - 14

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Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(State - Lok Sabha Seats)

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Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(State - Lok Sabha Seats)

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Which of the following is not correctly matched in the context of Rajya Sabha seats?
(State - Rajya Sabha Seats)

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Which of the following is not correctly matched in the context of Rajya Sabha seats?
(State - Rajya Sabha Seats)

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Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha): Complete Notes for UPSC, SSC & State PCS

Welcome, aspirants! If you are preparing for SSC, Railways, State PCS, or UPSC, the “Parliament of India” is one of the most high-yielding topics in Indian Polity. Every year, 2-3 questions are guaranteed from this section.

This guide is written in simple English to help you understand the concepts clearly, remember the crucial Articles, and avoid common traps set by examiners. Let’s master this topic!

1. Introduction to the Indian Parliament

The Parliament is the supreme legislative (law-making) body of India. India has adopted the Parliamentary form of government (also known as the Westminster model), which is inspired by the British Constitution.

  • Part of Constitution: Part V (The Union)
  • Articles: Article 79 to Article 122 deals with the organization, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, and powers of the Parliament.

2. Structure and Composition (Article 79)

According to Article 79, the Parliament of India consists of three parts:

  1. The President of India
  2. The Rajya Sabha (Council of States / Upper House)
  3. The Lok Sabha (House of the People / Lower House)

Exam Trap Alert: Many students forget that the President is an integral part of the Parliament. Even though the President does not sit in the Houses, no bill can become a law without their signature.

A. Rajya Sabha (Article 80)

The Rajya Sabha represents the states and union territories of India. It is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved.

  • Maximum Strength: 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated by the President).
  • Current Strength: 245.
  • Nominated Members: 12 members are nominated by the President from fields of Art, Literature, Science, and Social Service.
  • Election: Indirectly elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) using the Single Transferable Vote system.
  • Tenure: It is a permanent house. However, its members have a term of 6 years, and one-third (1/3rd) of its members retire every 2 years.
  • Special Powers: * Can authorize Parliament to make a law on a State List subject (Article 249).
    • Can create new All-India Services (Article 312).

B. Lok Sabha (Article 81)

The Lok Sabha represents the people of India as a whole.

  • Maximum Strength: 550. (Note: The 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019, removed the provision of nominating 2 Anglo-Indian members).
  • Current Strength: 543 members directly elected by the people.
  • Election: Direct elections based on Universal Adult Franchise (voting age is 18 years, reduced from 21 years by the 61st Amendment Act, 1988).
  • Tenure: 5 years. It can be dissolved earlier by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
  • Special Powers: * Money Bills (Article 110) can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
    • The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible only to the Lok Sabha (Article 75).

3. Important Facts for Quick Revision

  • Qualifications (Article 84): Must be a citizen of India. Minimum age: 25 years for Lok Sabha and 30 years for Rajya Sabha.
  • Quorum (Article 100): The minimum number of members required to hold a meeting is 1/10th of the total strength of the House.
  • Joint Sitting (Article 108): Called by the President to resolve a deadlock over an ordinary bill. It is presided over by the Speaker of Lok Sabha (not the President or Chairman of Rajya Sabha).
  • Anti-Defection Law: Added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 (10th Schedule). The presiding officer of the House decides on disqualification under this law.

4. Common Exam Traps & Confusing Points

ConceptWhat Students ThinkThe Reality (Correct Fact)
Money BillRajya Sabha can reject it.Rajya Sabha can only delay a Money Bill for 14 days. It cannot reject or amend it.
Joint SittingPresided by the President.Presided by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Parliament PartsParliament = Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha.Parliament = President + Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha.
Chairman of RSElected from Rajya Sabha members.The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. He is not a member of the House.

5. Previous Year Exam Relevance

  • SSC CGL/CHSL: Frequently asks direct Articles (e.g., “Which Article deals with the Joint Sitting?”), minimum age qualifications, and powers related to Money Bills.
  • Railways (NTPC/Group D): Focuses heavily on the maximum strength of houses, the retirement cycle of Rajya Sabha members (1/3rd every 2 years), and the age limit.
  • State PCS & UPSC: Asks analytical questions. E.g., The difference between ordinary bills and money bills, special powers of Rajya Sabha (Art 249, 312), and the Anti-Defection law mechanisms.

6. Self-Assessment: Practice MCQs

Q1. Which Article of the Indian Constitution defines the composition of the Parliament?

A) Article 72

B) Article 79

C) Article 80

D) Article 81

  • Answer: B) Article 79
  • Explanation: Article 79 states that there shall be a Parliament for the Union consisting of the President and two Houses (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha). Art 80 is RS, Art 81 is LS.

Q2. Who presides over the Joint Sitting of the two Houses of Parliament?

A) President of India

B) Vice-President of India

C) Speaker of Lok Sabha

D) Prime Minister

  • Answer: C) Speaker of Lok Sabha
  • Explanation: Under Article 108, the President calls the joint sitting, but the Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over it.

Q3. How many members retire from the Rajya Sabha every two years?

A) One-half

B) One-third

C) Two-thirds

D) One-fourth

  • Answer: B) One-third
  • Explanation: Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. However, 1/3rd of its members retire every 2 years.

Q4. The provision for the nomination of 2 Anglo-Indians to the Lok Sabha was removed by which Amendment?

A) 101st Amendment

B) 102nd Amendment

C) 103rd Amendment

D) 104th Amendment

  • Answer: D) 104th Amendment
  • Explanation: The 104th Constitutional Amendment Act (2019) extended SC/ST reservations but did not extend the provision for Anglo-Indian nominations.

Q5. A Money Bill can be introduced in:

A) Rajya Sabha only

B) Lok Sabha only

C) Either House of Parliament

D) Joint Sitting of Parliament

  • Answer: B) Lok Sabha only
  • Explanation: According to Article 109, a Money Bill (defined in Article 110) shall not be introduced in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).

7. Short Revision Summary

  • Parliament = President + Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha (Art 79).
  • Rajya Sabha: Upper House, 250 max members, 30 years minimum age, permanent house (6-year member term), Art 80.
  • Lok Sabha: Lower House, 550 max members, 25 years minimum age, 5-year term, Art 81.
  • Money Bill: Art 110, Lok Sabha has exclusive power.
  • Joint Sitting: Art 108, called by President, presided by LS Speaker.

Would you like me to generate a similar detailed guide on the President of India or the Supreme Court for your exam preparation next?