Chapter 10:Excretion in Plants and Humans

1. During excretion, such substances are eliminated from the body which—

**2. Consider the following statements—
1. Excretion occurs in plants as in animals.
2. Unlike animals, plants do not have special excretory organs.**
Which of the above is/are correct?

3. During the day, the oxygen released during photosynthesis is called waste because—

4. How do plants remove solid and liquid waste?

5. The gaseous and liquid waste materials excreted by plants are called—

6. In which plant is latex found as a waste product?

7. Which of the following is an excretory product of plants?

8. Tannin and resin are stored in which part of plants?

9. Where are gaseous waste products like CO₂ and O₂ stored or released in plants?

10. In which part of the leaf are tannins and resins stored?

11. Match the following:
 (1) Tannin – Bark
 (2) Resin – Stem
 (3) Latex – Fruit

Which pairs are correct?

12. Where are waste gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide released in plants?

13. What process is used for the removal of waste in plants and fungi?

14. Raphides (waste crystals) in plants are stored in which part?

15. Consider the statements:
1. Excretion in plants is not a continuous process.
2. Gums, resins, latex, and other metabolic wastes are excretory products.**
Which are correct?

17. What are excretory organs in humans?

16. What is the primary function of kidneys?

18. Which of the following human organs performs the function of excretion?

19. Which of the following is a nitrogenous excretory waste?

21. Where is urea synthesized?

20. What is urea converted into?

22. Which animals excrete uric acid (uricotelic)?

23. Which of the following excretes nitrogenous waste as uric acid?

24. Humans are—

25. Which of the following is an amino group-containing excretory product?

26. From the view of nitrogen excretion, Protozoa are—

27. In which excretion method is most water needed for elimination?

28. What happens if both kidneys of a human fail?

29. Which of the following organisms removes nitrogenous waste mainly through water
and salt balance regulation?

30. What is the primary organ responsible for metabolism and detoxification?

31. In animals, what is the nitrogenous waste formed due to the breakdown of proteins
and amino acids?

32. In aquatic animals, nitrogenous waste is excreted in which form?

33. The nitrogenous waste formed in animal bodies is—

34. In which organisms are nitrogenous wastes excreted as uric acid?

35. The removal of metabolic waste from cells to the outside of the body is
called?

36. What substances are removed during excretion?

37. What is the concave area of the kidney called?

38. What are the parts of the kidney that filter blood and form urine?

39. What is the filtering unit of the kidney called?

42. Where are glomeruli present?

41. Where are glomeruli found?

40. In which part of the nephron does filtration take place?

43. What is the process of blood filtration by glomerulus called?

45. Which part of the nephron performs the function of filtration?

46. Which of the following is not present in blood plasma?

47. What is the rate of filtration in blood plasma in the kidneys?

48. What percentage of plasma is filtered by glomerulus?

49. Which part of the nephron reabsorbs essential substances after filtration?

50. What is the major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine?

51. What is the main function of the lungs in excretion?

52. Consider the statements:
1. Dirty blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery.
2. Clean blood exits the kidney through the renal vein.
Which are correct?**

53. In humans, how many kidneys and ureters are present?

54. Where is urea formed?

55. Which organ contains an important part of the nephron?

56. What is the approximate number of nephrons in each human kidney?

57. What is the structure in each nephron that resembles a cup?

58. Through which part of the nephron is urine excreted?

59. Which part of the human excretory system opens outside the body?

60. What is the average length of the male urethra?

61. Which substance is most commonly found in urine?

62. What is the average urea content in 1 liter of human urine?

63. Which is not a function of the kidney?

64. What is the shape of the kidney?

65. With what is sweat excretion mainly associated?

66. Why is sweat (sweating) important?

67. How does sweat cool the body?

68. What causes the body to sweat?

69. What organ purifies blood?

70. Which organ removes the largest amount of water from the body?

71. What is the main component of a protozoan’s excretory system?

72. What substance in human tears kills microbes?

73. Which of the following statements about the human excretory system
is/are true?
1. The kidney separates nitrogenous waste from the blood.
2. There are filtration units (nephrons) inside the kidneys.
3. In selective reabsorption, useful substances from the filtrate are reabsorbed.

74. Which part of the nephron is directly connected to the Bowman's capsule?

75. Which organelle is involved in osmoregulation?

76. Which part of the male body produces sperm?

77. How much urine does a healthy adult human excrete daily?

78. What is the largest component in human urine?

79. Which is not a component of normal human urine?

80. Which of the following is normally present in human urine?

81. What is the normal percentage of urea in human urine?

82. What causes the yellow color of human urine?

83. Due to the presence of which compound does human feces appear brown?

84. What is the condition of increased urine output called?

85. Which of the following is a diuretic substance?

87. In which gland is the hormone vasopressin formed?

86. How much minimum urine output is essential for the removal of
nitrogenous waste in a healthy adult?

88. What is another name for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

89. What is the condition of decreased urine output called?

90. Where is the maximum amount of water absorbed in the nephron?

91. Which part of the human body contains the largest number of nephrons?

92. Presence of sugar in urine is called—

93. Dialysis is used to replace the function of which organ?

94. How does artificial kidney work?

95. In artificial kidney, which chemical is used for dialysis?

96. What is the process of blood purification through machine called?

98. The regulation of water and salt in the body by the kidney is known as—

97. What is the process of blood purification in the human body called?

99. Which compound helps the kidney excrete extra water?

100. Kidney stone is—

101. Consider the following statements:

1. No special organ is required for the removal of ammonia in animals.
2. Ammonia and nitrogenous wastes are excreted from the body surface via diffusion.

102. What is the outer part of each kidney called?

103. What is the structure called where the ureter arises from the pelvis of the
kidney?

104. What type of gland is the pituitary gland?

105. Which excretory products are removed from the body through lungs?

106. What is the process of urination called?

107. How many types of nephridia are found in earthworms?

108. Which is the main excretory product of unicellular organisms?

109. Consider the following statements:

1. Due to the hormone aldosterone, sodium is reabsorbed in the renal tubule.
2. Water is also reabsorbed in the renal tubule due to sodium absorption.