Bhartiya Samvidhan ke Srot

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1. In which part of the Constitution are the Union and its territories discussed?

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2.How is India defined in Article 1 of the Indian Constitution?

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Consider the following statements:

  1. The Indian Union is not the result of an agreement between states.
  2. States do not have the right to secede from the Union. Which of the above statements is/are true?

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4.According to Article 1, into which categories can the Indian territory be divided?

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5.In which schedule of the Constitution are the names and territorial jurisdictions of States and Union Territories mentioned?

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6.How many States and Union Territories are there in India currently?

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7.Which schedules contain special provisions for the administration of Scheduled and Tribal areas within a state?

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8.Consider the following statements:

  1. Being a sovereign state, India can acquire foreign territories.
  2. Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman & Diu, Puducherry, and Sikkim are examples of acquired foreign territories. Which of the above statements is/are true?

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9.Through which Article of the Constitution can Parliament acquire or admit foreign territories or states?

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10.The creation of new states within the Indian Union (e.g., the division of Jharkhand from Bihar) is done through which Article of the Constitution?

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11.Under which Article is Parliament empowered to "form a new state by separating territory from any state, or by uniting two or more states or parts of states, or by uniting any territory to a part of any state"?

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12.Which Article of the Constitution gives Parliament the power to increase or decrease the area of any state?

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13.Which Article of the Constitution empowers Parliament to "alter the boundaries of any state"?

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14.Which Article of the Constitution gives Parliament the power to "alter the name of any state"?

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15.Who has the power to create a new state?

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16.Consider the following statements regarding the creation of new states in the Union of India:

  1. In the context of creating new states, Parliament is not bound to accept the views of the State Legislature.
  2. A bill related to the creation of new states can be introduced in Parliament only after the prior recommendation of the President. Which of the above statements is/are true?

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17.The 100th Constitutional Amendment is related to?

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18. Which princely state was merged into India through police action?

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19.Under whose chairmanship was the Linguistic Provinces Commission appointed by the Government of India in 1948?

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20.Who was the head of the States Reorganisation Commission established by the Government of India in 1953?

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21.When was the state of Andhra Pradesh formed?

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22. गुजरात राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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21. महाराष्ट्र राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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23. गुजरात भारतीय संघ का राज्य

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24. दादरा नगर हवेली पर इसके स्वतंत्र होने से पूर्व किसका शासन था ?

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25. दादरा नगर हवेली को भारतीय संघ में कब विलय किया ?

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26.किस संविधान संसोधन द्वारा दादरा नगर हवेली को भारतीय संघ में विलय कर दिया गया ?

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27. गोवा को भारतीय क्षेत्र में कब मिलाया गया ?

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28. गोवा को संघ शासित क्षेत्र के रूप में कब स्थापित किया गया ?

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29. गोवा को किस संविधान संसोधन द्वारा संघ शासित क्षेत्र के रूप में मान्यता दिया गया ?

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30. दमन एवं दीव को किस संविधान संसोधन द्वारा संघ शासित क्षेत्र के रूप में स्थापित किया गया ?

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31. गोवा को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा कब दिया गया ?

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32. पुडुचेरी पर किसका शासन था ?

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33. फ्रांस ने पुडुचेरी को कब भारत को सौंप दिया ?

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34. पुडुचेरी को संघ शासित प्रदेश के रूप में स्थापित किया गया ?

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35. 14वें संविधान संसोधन द्वारा किस राज्य या केंद्रशासित प्रदेश की स्थापना किया गया ?

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36. पुडुचेरी के क्षेत्र में सम्मिलित है ?

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37. नागालैंड राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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38. निम्नलिखित में से किसे भारत के 16वें राज्य के रूप में स्थापित किया गया था ?

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39. पंजाब से हरियाणा का विभाजन कब किया गया ?

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40. चंडीगढ़ को केंद्रशासित प्रदेश के रूप में कब स्थापित किया गया ?

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41. हिमाचल प्रदेश का निर्माण संघ शासित प्रदेश के रूप में किस राज्य से विभाजित कर किया गया ?

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42. भारत के 17वें राज्य के रूप में 1966 में किसे स्थापित किया गया ?

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43. हिमाचल प्रदेश को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा कब दिया गया ?

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44. भारतीय संघ के 18वां राज्य के रूप में किसे स्थापित किया गया ?

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45. NEFA अर्थात पूर्वोत्तर सीमांत राज्य के रूप में किसे जाना जाता है ?

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46. मणिपुर भारत का राज्य है-

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47. मेघालय को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा कब दिया गया ?

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48. मेघालय भारत का राज्य है-

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49. मणिपुर राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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50. त्रिपुरा राज्य की स्थापना कब हुई ?

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51. त्रिपुरा राज्य की स्थापना भारत के किस राज्य के रूप में किया गया ?

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52. किस संविधान संसोधन द्वारा मेघालय को स्वायत्तशासी राज्य के रूप में स्थापित किया गया ?

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53. निम्नलिखित में से किस राज्य का विलय भारत में 35वाँ संविधान संसोधन द्वारा किया गया ?

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54. सिक्किम को किस संविधान संसोधन द्वारा पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा दिया गया ?

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55. सिक्किम को भारत में कब विलय किया गया ?

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56. मिजोरम राज्य की स्थापना 23वें राज्य के रूप में कब किया गया ?

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57. अरूणाचल प्रदेश की स्थापना 1987 में किस राज्य के रूप में हुआ है ?

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58. गोवा को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा कब दिया गया ?

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59. गोवा भारत का किस राज्य के रूप में स्थापित हुआ

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60. 26वें राज्य के रूप में किसे स्थापित किया गया ?

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61. छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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62. उत्तराखंड राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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63. भारत के 27वें राज्य के रूप में किसे स्थापित किया गया ?

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64. झारखंड राज्य की स्थापना कब हुई है ?

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65. भारत में 28वें राज्य के रूप में किस राज्य को स्थापित किया गया

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66. तेलंगना राज्य की स्थापना कब किया गया ?

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67. 29वें राज्य के रूप में किसे स्थापित किया गया था ?

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68. भाषा के आधार पर पहले राज्य का निर्माण कब हुआ ?

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69. सर्वप्रथम भाषायी आधार पर गठित राज्य कौन था ?

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70. लद्दाख की स्थापना संघ शासति प्रदेश के रूप में कब किया गया ?

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71. भारत का पहला राज्य जिसका नाम परिवर्तित किया गया ?

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72. निम्नलिखित में किस राज्य का पूर्ववर्ती नाम संयुक्त प्रांत था ?

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73. संयुक्त प्रांत का नाम उत्तरप्रदेश कब किया गया ?

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74. किस राज्य का पूर्व में नाम मद्रास था ?

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75. मद्रास राज्य का नाम तामिलनाडु कब किया गया ?

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76. निम्नलिखित में से किस राज्य का पूर्ववर्ती नाम मैसूर था ?

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77. मैसूर का नाम बदलकर कर्नाटक कब कर दिया ?

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78. किस वर्ष लकादीव, मिनिकॉय एवं अमीनदीवी का नाम 'लक्ष्यद्वीप' रखा गया ?

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79. संघ शासित प्रदेश दिल्ली का नाम राष्ट्रीय राजधानी क्षेत्र दिल्ली कब किया गया ?

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80. 69वें संविधान संसोधन संबंधित है

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81. वर्ष 2006 में किस राज्य के नाम में परिवर्तन किया गया ?

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82. वर्ष 2011 में किस राज्य के नाम में परिवर्तन किया गया ?

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Welcome to this comprehensive, exam-oriented guide on the Sources of the Indian Constitution (Bhartiya Samvidhan Ke Srot). Whether you are preparing for SSC, Railways, State PCS, or UPSC, this topic is a high-yield area. Let’s break it down in simple English so you can remember it easily and score full marks!

Introduction: The “Bag of Borrowings”

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Drafting Committee studied the constitutions of over 60 countries. While critics sometimes call it a “bag of borrowings,” Dr. Ambedkar proudly stated that the Indian Constitution was framed after “ransacking all the known Constitutions of the world.”

Instead of blindly copying, the framers adopted the best features from different nations and modified them to suit Indian conditions.

Major Sources of the Indian Constitution

1. The Government of India Act, 1935 (The Blueprint)

This is the largest source of the Indian Constitution. Almost 250 out of the 395 original Articles were taken directly from this Act.

  • Federal Scheme: The division of power between the Centre and States.
  • Office of Governor: The administrative role of the Governor.
  • Judiciary: The structure of the lower courts and the Federal Court.
  • Public Service Commissions (PSC): Federal and Provincial PSCs.
  • Emergency Provisions: The basic structure for handling emergencies.

2. United Kingdom (Britain)

Since the British ruled India, we naturally adopted their system of government.

  • Parliamentary Government: The Prime Minister is the real head.
  • Rule of Law: Everyone is equal before the law (Article 14).
  • Single Citizenship: We are only citizens of India, not of our respective states (Article 9).
  • Cabinet System: A core group of ministers holding major portfolios.
  • Prerogative Writs: Powers of courts to protect rights (Article 32 & 226).
  • Bicameralism: Two houses in Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).

Shortcut Trick: Remember “Parle Bi-Scuit” > * Parle = Parliamentary system

  • Bi = Bicameralism
  • S = Single Citizenship
  • C = Cabinet System

3. United States of America (USA)

The USA gave us concepts related to freedom, rights, and an independent judiciary.

  • Fundamental Rights (FRs): The basic rights of citizens (Part III, Articles 12-35).
  • Independence of Judiciary & Judicial Review: The power of courts to strike down unconstitutional laws (Article 13).
  • Impeachment of the President: The process to remove the President (Article 61).
  • Removal of Judges: Supreme Court and High Court judges (Article 124(4)).
  • Post of Vice-President: Acting as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Article 63, 64).

4. Ireland (Irish Constitution)

  • Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Guidelines for the government to make a welfare state (Part IV, Articles 36-51).
  • Nomination to Rajya Sabha: The President nominates 12 members from art, literature, science, and social service (Article 80).
  • Method of Election of President: An electoral college system (Article 54, 55).

5. Canada

Canada has a strong central government, and India adopted this “quasi-federal” model.

  • Federation with a Strong Centre: The Union has more power than the States.
  • Residuary Powers: Powers not mentioned in any list go to the Centre (Article 248).
  • Appointment of State Governors: Governors are appointed by the Centre (Article 155).
  • Advisory Jurisdiction of Supreme Court: The President can ask the Supreme Court for advice (Article 143).

6. Australia

  • Concurrent List: Subjects where both Centre and State can make laws (Schedule 7).
  • Joint Sitting of Parliament: When Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha disagree on a bill (Article 108).
  • Freedom of Trade and Commerce: Inter-state trade rules (Article 301).

7. Weimar Constitution of Germany

  • Suspension of Fundamental Rights: Fundamental Rights can be suspended during a National Emergency (Article 359). (Note: Articles 20 and 21 are never suspended).

8. USSR (Soviet Union / Russia)

  • Fundamental Duties: Duties added later by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee (Part IVA, Article 51A).
  • Ideals of Justice: Social, Economic, and Political justice mentioned in the Preamble.

9. France

  • Republic: The head of state (President) is elected, not a king.
  • Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity: Famous slogans of the French Revolution used in our Preamble.

10. South Africa

  • Procedure for Amendment: How to change the Constitution (Article 368).
  • Election of Rajya Sabha Members: Using proportional representation.

11. Japan

  • Procedure Established by Law: The courts check if a law was made following the correct procedure (Article 21).

Important Facts for Quick Revision

  • Total Time Taken: The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to frame the Constitution.
  • Drafting Committee Chairman: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
  • Adopted vs. Enacted: The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and fully came into force on 26 January 1950.
  • Original Structure: The original constitution had 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts.

Exam Relevance (Previous Year Trend)

  • SSC CGL/CHSL: Loves asking straight one-liners. E.g., “From which country was the Concurrent List borrowed?” (Ans: Australia).
  • Railway NTPC/Group D: Frequently asks about Fundamental Duties (Russia) and the 42nd Amendment Act.
  • State PCS: Asks matching questions (List I – Provision vs. List II – Country).
  • UPSC Prelims: Focuses on conceptual clarity. E.g., The difference between the “Election of Rajya Sabha members” (South Africa) and “Nomination of Rajya Sabha members” (Ireland).

🚨 Common Exam Traps & Confusing Points

Examiners love to trick students with these closely related concepts. Read these carefully!

  1. Fundamental Rights vs. Fundamental Duties:
    • Rights = USA
    • Duties = USSR (Russia)
  2. Emergency Provisions vs. Suspension of Rights During Emergency:
    • The overall framework of Emergency = Govt of India Act, 1935
    • Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency = Germany
  3. Rajya Sabha Members:
    • Election of members = South Africa
    • Nomination of members by the President = Ireland
  4. Federal System:
    • Federal system basically = Govt of India Act, 1935
    • Federation with a Strong Centre = Canada

Exam-Practice: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1. The concept of “Directive Principles of State Policy” (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution is borrowed from which country?

A) USA

B) Canada

C) Ireland

D) Australia

Answer: C) Ireland

Explanation: DPSP is mentioned in Part IV of the Constitution and was inspired by the Irish Constitution, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution.

Q2. The provision for the “Joint Sitting of the two Houses of Parliament” is derived from?

A) UK

B) Australia

C) South Africa

D) Japan

Answer: B) Australia

Explanation: Article 108 deals with Joint Sittings. The Concurrent List and freedom of trade are also borrowed from Australia.

Q3. Which of the following features was NOT borrowed from the USA?

A) Impeachment of the President

B) Judicial Review

C) Single Citizenship

D) Fundamental Rights

Answer: C) Single Citizenship

Explanation: Single Citizenship is borrowed from the UK (Britain). The USA actually follows a system of dual citizenship (national + state).

Q4. The “Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency” is taken from the constitution of:

A) Germany (Weimar Constitution)

B) Government of India Act, 1935

C) France

D) USSR

Answer: A) Germany

Explanation: Do not confuse this with the general emergency provisions (which come from the 1935 Act). The specific rule about suspending rights comes from Germany.

Q5. The “Concurrent List” in the 7th Schedule is inspired by the constitution of:

A) South Africa

B) Canada

C) Australia

D) Ireland

Answer: C) Australia

Explanation: The Concurrent List allows both the Centre and State to make laws on specific subjects like education and marriage.

Q6. From where did the Indian Constitution borrow the “Procedure for Amendment”?

A) France

B) South Africa

C) Japan

D) Canada

Answer: B) South Africa

Explanation: The amendment procedure is detailed in Article 368.

Q7. The ideals of “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” in the Preamble are borrowed from:

A) Russian Revolution

B) French Revolution

C) American Declaration of Independence

D) Irish Constitution

Answer: B) French Revolution

Explanation: France gave us the concept of a Republic and these three famous democratic ideals.

Q8. Which act provided the blueprint or the basic structure for the Indian Constitution?

A) Indian Independence Act, 1947

B) Government of India Act, 1919

C) Government of India Act, 1935

D) Pitt’s India Act, 1784

Answer: C) Government of India Act, 1935

Explanation: More than half of the Indian Constitution’s provisions are directly lifted or slightly modified from the 1935 Act.

Quick Revision Summary

FeatureSource Country / Act
Federal Scheme, PSCs, GovernorGovernment of India Act, 1935
Parliamentary System, Single CitizenshipUK (Britain)
Fundamental Rights, Judicial ReviewUSA
DPSP, Rajya Sabha NominationsIreland
Strong Centre, Residuary PowersCanada
Concurrent List, Joint SittingAustralia
Fundamental Duties, Justice (Preamble)USSR (Russia)
Amendment ProcedureSouth Africa
Suspension of FRs in EmergencyGermany

Next Step: Would you like to practice a quick test specifically targeting the Articles and Parts associated with these sources?

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