Samvidhan Sabha

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Samvidhan Sabha Start Test Now

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1.Which country first included a Preamble in its Constitution?

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  1. Who called the Preamble the 'Identity Card' of the Constitution?

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3.By whom was the Preamble of the Indian Constitution drafted and presented in the Constituent Assembly?

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  1. Through which Constitutional Amendment was the Preamble of the Indian Constitution amended?

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5.Which word was NOT added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment?

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1.Which country first included a Preamble in its Constitution?

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  1. How many types of Liberty (Freedom) are mentioned in the Preamble?

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  1. How many types of Equality are mentioned in the Preamble?

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  1. Which type of Liberty is NOT mentioned in the Preamble?

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  1. What is the correct sequence of words in the Preamble?

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  1. Which Justice is NOT mentioned in the Preamble?

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  1. What does the term 'Sovereignty' in the Preamble imply?

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  1. By which Constitutional Amendment was the word 'Socialist' added to the Preamble?

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  1. What type of Socialism exists in India?

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  1. What is the form of socialism called where all means of production and distribution are nationalized and private property is abolished?

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  1. What is the form of socialism called that keeps faith in a mixed economy?

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  1. Indian Socialism is a mixture of which two types of socialism?

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  1. The form of socialism whose objective is to end poverty, disease, hunger, and inequality of opportunity is called?

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  1. By which amendment was the word 'Secular' added to the Preamble?

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  1. What is the meaning of the word 'Secular' in the Indian Constitution?

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  1. In whom does the Sovereignty mentioned in the Constitution reside?

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  1. When did the Supreme Court rule that the Constitution aims to establish an important social order to provide social, economic, and political justice?

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Consider the following statements regarding 'Republic':

  1. It means the President of India comes to power through elections.
  2. In a Monarchy, the head of state succeeds through heredity.

 

 

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  1. What is the meaning of 'Social Justice' in the Preamble?

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  1. What is the meaning of 'Economic Justice' in the Preamble?

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  1. From where were the ideals of Social, Economic, and Political Justice taken?

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  1. Which statement correctly explains 'Liberty'?

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  1. What does 'Equality' mean in the Indian Constitution?

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  1. By which amendment was 'Integrity' added?

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  1. When was the word 'Integrity' (Akhandta) added to the Constitution?

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  1. Who stated that 'Dignity of the individual' means the Constitution ensures not only material well-being but that every individual is sacred?

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  1. Who said the Preamble is the "thought of our long-term dreams"?

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  1. Who paid respect to the Preamble writers by calling them 'Political Intellectuals'?

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  1. Which scholar mentioned the Preamble in his book 'Principles of Social and Political Theory'?

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  1. In which case did the Supreme Court state that the Preamble is NOT a part of the Constitution?

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  1. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Preamble IS a part of the Constitution?

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Hello students! Welcome to today’s masterclass on one of the most important topics of Indian Polity: the Samvidhan Sabha (Constituent Assembly). Whether you are preparing for SSC, Railways, State PCS, or UPSC, you are guaranteed to see at least one or two questions from this topic in your exams.

Let’s break it down into simple, easy-to-remember points so you can score full marks!

Introduction: What is the Samvidhan Sabha?

The Samvidhan Sabha, or the Constituent Assembly, was a body of indirectly elected representatives formed to draft the Constitution of India. Think of it as a grand team of India’s greatest minds coming together after British rule to decide how independent India would be governed.

1. Historical Background & Formation

How did the idea of the Constituent Assembly actually become a reality? Exams often ask about the chronological order of these events:

  • 1934: The idea of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed by M.N. Roy, a pioneer of the communist movement in India.
  • 1935: The Indian National Congress (INC) officially demanded a Constituent Assembly.
  • 1940 (August Offer): The British government finally accepted the demand in principle.
  • 1942 (Cripps Mission): Sir Stafford Cripps came to India with a draft proposal, but it was rejected by the Muslim League.
  • 1946 (Cabinet Mission Plan): Finally, the Constituent Assembly was formed under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan. This is a very frequent question in SSC and PCS!

2. Composition of the Assembly

The Assembly was partly elected and partly nominated. Here are the crucial numbers you need to memorize:

  • Initial Total Strength:389 members.
    • 296 seats for British India (elected).
    • 93 seats for Princely States (nominated by the heads of states).
  • After Partition (1947): The Muslim League members withdrew, and the strength came down to 299 members.
  • Method of Election: Indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies using the Single Transferable Vote system.

3. Working of the Constituent Assembly

The early days of the Assembly are highly tested in exams. Focus on the dates and names:

  • First Meeting: Held on December 9, 1946. The Muslim League boycotted this meeting.
  • Temporary President: Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha, the oldest member, was elected as the temporary (interim) President, following the French practice.
  • Permanent President: On December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President. H.C. Mukherjee and V.T. Krishnamachari became the Vice-Presidents.
  • Constitutional Advisor: Sir B.N. Rau was appointed to advise the assembly on legal matters.
  • Objective Resolution: Moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946. It laid down the philosophical foundations of the Constitution and later became the Preamble.

4. Important Committees and Their Chairmen

To draft the Constitution efficiently, the Assembly formed several committees. You must match the committee with its chairman:

  • Drafting Committee: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Most important! Formed on Aug 29, 1947, with 7 members)
  • Union Powers Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Union Constitution Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Provincial Constitution Committee: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  • Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights & Minorities: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  • Steering Committee: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  • Rules of Procedure Committee: Dr. Rajendra Prasad

5. Important Facts for Quick Revision

  • Time Taken: It took exactly 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to finalize the Constitution.
  • Total Sessions: There were 11 sessions.
  • Adoption Date: The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949. (This is celebrated as Constitution Day / Samvidhan Divas).
  • Enforcement Date: The Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day). We chose this date to honor the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1930.
  • Other Key Adoptions by the Assembly:
    • National Flag: July 22, 1947
    • National Anthem: January 24, 1950
    • National Song: January 24, 1950
    • First President: Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected on January 24, 1950.

🚨 Common Exam Traps (Be Careful!)

Trap 1: Adoption vs. Enforcement. If the question asks when the Constitution was adopted or passed, the answer is Nov 26, 1949. If it asks when it came into effect/force, the answer is Jan 26, 1950.

Trap 2: President of the Assembly. If the question asks for the “First President” or “Temporary President”, look for Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha. If it just says “President”, it usually means Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Trap 3: B.N. Rau vs. B.R. Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, but B.N. Rau was the Constitutional Advisor. Do not mix them up!

Previous Year Exam Relevance

  • SSC CGL/CHSL: Often asks for the dates of the first meeting, the adoption of the National Flag, and the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
  • Railway NTPC: Focuses heavily on the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) and the total time taken to write the Constitution.
  • State PCS & UPSC Prelims: Asks deeper questions, like matching committees with their chairmen, details of the Objective Resolution, and the composition of the Assembly before and after partition.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Under which plan was the Constituent Assembly of India constituted?

A) August Offer

B) Cripps Mission

C) Cabinet Mission Plan

D) Mountbatten Plan

  • Answer: C) Cabinet Mission Plan
  • Explanation: The Assembly was formed in 1946 based on the framework provided by the Cabinet Mission Plan.

Q2. Who was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly?

A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

B) K.M. Munshi

C) Sir B.N. Rau

D) Jawaharlal Nehru

  • Answer: C) Sir B.N. Rau
  • Explanation: Sir B.N. Rau prepared the initial draft of the Constitution. Dr. Ambedkar headed the Drafting Committee.

Q3. When did the Constituent Assembly adopt the National Flag?

A) August 15, 1947

B) July 22, 1947

C) January 26, 1950

D) January 24, 1950

  • Answer: B) July 22, 1947
  • Explanation: The tricolor was adopted just a few weeks before Independence Day.

Q4. Who moved the “Objective Resolution” in the Constituent Assembly?

A) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

C) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

D) Jawaharlal Nehru

  • Answer: D) Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Explanation: Nehru moved it on Dec 13, 1946. It later became the basis for the Preamble of the Constitution.

Q5. How much time did the Constituent Assembly take to frame the Constitution of India?

A) 2 years, 11 months, 18 days

B) 2 years, 10 months, 15 days

C) 3 years, 11 months, 18 days

D) 2 years, 11 months, 8 days

  • Answer: A) 2 years, 11 months, 18 days
  • Explanation: The drafting process was long and detailed, taking nearly 3 years to complete across 11 sessions.

Quick Revision Summary

  • Idea: M.N. Roy (1934).
  • Formed Under: Cabinet Mission Plan (1946).
  • First Meeting: Dec 9, 1946 (Interim Head: Sachchidananda Sinha).
  • Permanent Head: Dr. Rajendra Prasad (Dec 11, 1946).
  • Drafting Head: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
  • Advisor: Sir B.N. Rau.
  • Time: 2 Years, 11 Months, 18 Days.
  • Adopted: Nov 26, 1949.
  • Enforced: Jan 26, 1950.

Keep revising these points, and you will easily tackle any question on the Constituent Assembly! Would you like me to create a similar exam-focused guide on the Preamble and Fundamental Rights next?

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